The people who learn the most from designing instruction are those that designed the instruction not the learners for which the instruction is created(Jonassen, Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://frank.itlab.us/forgetting/learning_mindtools.pdf). When is the last time you designed a project, rubric, etc. in your own and were not taught how to perform these tasks. It made you think more because you had to have a better understanding of the content in which you were designing the project, rather then having someone teach you the information. For example, grading rubrics. Students can be given a rubric and asked to complete a task using the rubric as a grading key or students could design their own rubric. They would need to explore and have a deeper understanding of the content before being able to create a rubric. The learner would have to think of the content from multiple perspectives, teacher, learner, outside audience. Let's explore critical thinking with the use of an expert system.
An expert system is a mindtool that can be useful for engaging students in higher order thinking.
An expert systems was created from research in the field of artificial intelligence. It is a computer program that simulates the way human experts solve problems, also known as an artificial decision maker (Jonassen, Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://frank.itlab.us/forgetting/learning_mindtools.pdf). An example of an expert system is the 911 emergency system. The caller has an emergency that the 911 operator must find ways to help the injured person until the ambulance arrives. In most cases the operator has not been through medical school and does not know how to help a person in every situation, nor is it possible to have doctors fill the 911 operator positions, which is why we must rely on the expert system. The operator asks a question, receives a response from the caller, which she or he enters into the computer system for guidance to the next question. The question response process continues until, hopefully, the operator is able to give directions on how to treat the injured person.
In order to build an expert system the learn must have a great understanding of causal knowledge.
Usually an expert system is planned out using a decision tree.
Here is a youtube video showing you how an expert system guides someone to a decision or answer. :)
1 comment:
Hi Ashley,
This youtube video is funny, but it vividly explains what problem solving expert system means and it works. I knonw Microsoft Office use problem solving expert system provide user guidance, and it is an efficient approach on helping users locate and resolve problem.
Yan Suo
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